1. When to Plant:
Sow fresh seeds in fall, or stratify and sow in spring after cold stratification (moist chilling for 3 months).
2. How to Sow:
Sow seeds ¼ inch deep in moist soil.
Maintain cool, shaded conditions during germination.
Germination is slow and may take 90+ days.
3. Growing Tips:
Requires deep shade and rich organic matter.
Keep soil consistently moist, not soggy.
Growth is slow—plants may take 2–3 years to establish.
Mulch annually with leaf mold or compost.
Can be propagated from root divisions once mature.
4. Medicinal Uses:
Roots traditionally used to support immune health, digestive balance, and as a natural antibiotic.
Commonly included in tinctures, capsules, and topical formulas.
Contains berberine, a potent plant alkaloid with antimicrobial benefits.
